PRODUCED ON THE ISLAND SINCE ANCIENT TIMES
A MOST SIGNIFICANT PRODUCT
Citrus fruit cultivation has historically been lucrative for the island’s economy. Citrus fruits, and the products produced from them, have helped to stabilise the Cypriot economy over the ages. These fruits have also historically enhanced food security during the winter. Cypriots of old depended on the constant stream of produce throughout the winter months on the island.Â
A FAVOURABLE CLIMATE
Cyprus offers a full range of citrus fruits. Although not as critical as in the past, citrus-based products remain at the forefront of the island’s agricultural products. The favourable climate, characterised by warm summers and mild winters, combined with the exceptionally fertile soil, has made Cyprus an ideal location for its cultivation. These fruits include a good variety of oranges, mandarins, clementines, lemons, limes and grapefruits. The majority of them produce a harvest from early October all the way through to late June. This is dependant however, not only of the fruit, but its variety also.
DATING BACK CENTURIES
The history of citrus cultivation in Cyprus dates back centuries. Several varieties of the fruit gainied prominance during the Roman era. Indeed, the earliest mentions of citrus cultivation are referred to in texts from the Roman period.Â
THE FIRST ARRIVALS
Citrus fruits, however, were likely introduced to the island much earlier than this. Originating from Asia, they were likely introduced to Cyprus through multiple trade routes that have existed for centuries. Lemon and orange, along with some varieties of mandarins and clementines, are thought to be the first arrivals from Asia. Their gradual integration into the local agricultural landscape at the time probably led to other citrus fruits arriving later on the island.
A BURGEONING CITRUS TRADE
During the medieval period, citrus fruits began to gain prominence on the island. Evidence suggests that the nobility at the time, cultivated extensive citrus orchards. Much of their produce was exported creating a burgeoning citrus trade. The continued cultivation, and improvement of various citrus varieties, became a point of pride.Â
VENETIAN TRADE
During the late 15th century, the Republic of Venice took control of the island. They were essentially a trading empire and they successfully expanded the trade of various products. This included the export of citrus fruits, which expanded rapidly under their stewardship. New destinations for the fruit, mainly in Northern Europe, were identified and the Venetians had not only the means but also the resources to supply these new markets. Â
BRITSH INFRASTRUCTURE
Cyprus thereafter continued to hold up its reputation for high-quality citrus fruits. Oranges and lemons were particularly revered during the British colonial period. British administrators, on their part, also played a crucial role in modernising the agricultural sector on the island. The establishment of significant infrastructure projects, such as new roads, railroads and ports, enhanced the export potential of the island’s citrus products.Â
SWEET & JUICY
Cyprus has over the years helped to developed citrus fruits further. It has introduced hybrid versions of several citrus products after extensive agricultural collaboration. The island’s citrus fruits have managed to retain some of its unique characteristics along with enhanced flavour and appearance. The new hybrid versions of the fruit are much more resiliant and reliably sweeter. This has created new markets and has given Cypriot citrus fruit a new unique identity.Â
TODAY’S CITRUS FRUIT CULTIVATION
Today, the cultivation of citrus fruits in Cyprus is characterised by both traditional and modern agricultural practices. The island’s producers typically invest in high-quality planting materials but maintain traditional environmental techniques. Organic pest control, as well as effective modern irrigation techniques, ensure healthy crops. Land preparation usually begins with soil testing and amendments are made to achieve optimal conditions for growth. Depending on the variety, trees are re-planted in early spring or late autumn and watering, pruning, and fertilisation continue throughout the year.Â
A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION
Citrus fruits significantly contribute to the Cypriot economy. Local consumption as well as international exports increase year on year. The island’s citrus industry also provides employment opportunities for several people, particularly in rural areas where orchards are concentrated.Â
THE CITRUS FRUIT HARVEST
The harvesting season varies by fruit type but most fruits are harvested from late winter to early spring. Most of these fruits are still picked by hand, to avoid damage and maintain quality control. Several citrus growers adhere to sustainable practices to minimise their environmental impact. The island’s Mediterranean climate allows for minimal pest and disease pressure. Citrus growers, however, remain vigilant for any potential threats, maintaining high-quality yields. Cyprus’s optimal growing conditions and dedication to quality have earned its citrus fruits a favourable reputation throughout global markets. The United Kingdom, along with the European Union remain as primary export destination for Cypriot citrus fruits.
A CITRUS LEGACY
An industry leader
The citrus fruit industry on the island remains not only integral but vastly important to the island’s economy and culture. It has played a pivotal role in the agricultural history and economic development of the island.Â
Favourable conditions
Favourable climatic conditions combined with a rich historical context and dedication to quality cultivation practices have established Cyprus as a reputable producer of various citrus fruits. This has allowed the island to gain a reputable standing for citrus fruit production globally.Â
Technological advancements
Technology and improvements in transportation have also facilitated the expansion of the industry. Citrus fruit exports from Cyprus to all over the world continues to expand and grow.Â
Hospitality & prosperity
From the sweet oranges and tangy lemons to the refreshing grapefruits, these fruits are not only essential to local diets but also serve as cultural icons of hospitality and prosperity. Cyprus continues to evolve within the global agricultural landscape and its citrus fruits will undoubtedly remain a cherished legacy forever intertwined with the island’s identity.
Interesting facts about the most common citrus fruits grown on the island
Ancient Remedies:Â In ancient times, citrus fruits were used to make several medicinal concoctions. They were also used as a popular natural remedy for colds.
Unique Varieties: Cyprus is home to some unique hybrid varieties of citrus fruits that have a distinct flavour due to the island’s unique climate and soil. These include the famed ‘Cyprus Orange,’ which has received ‘Protected Designation of Origin’ status, ensuring its authenticity and quality. The unique Cyprus orange is renowned for its bright vibrant colour and exceptional sweetness. The variety of different citrus fruits produced on the island also provides several options for different tastes. Citrus fruits are used in several salads, desserts, marinades, and beverages, making them a versatile, highly filling and satisfying ingredient.
A Symbol of Hospitality: Citrus fruits make up the main winter harvest on the island. In Cypriot culture, citrus fruits are often seen as symbols of hospitality. It is common for Cypriots to offer guests freshly squeezed citrus juice as part of a welcome. The ‘Limassol Carnival’ as well as other local festivals, often feature citrus-themed events. These events often showcase the significance of these fruits within Cypriot cultnue.
Nutritional Benefits: Citrus fruits are rich in vitamins, particularly vitamin C. This boosts the immune system and promotes skin health. They also contain various antioxidants, and nutrients and they also have a high water content, so they help to keep the body hydrated during hot summers. Citrus fruits overall have fewer calories than many other fruits making them a perfect supplement for most diets.
2. Health Benefits: Citrus fruits provide a good source of fibre that aids digestion and helps maintain a healthy gut. Certain citrus fruits also contain flavonoids and other antioxidants that can help reduce inflammation and lower the risk of chronic diseases. Some citrus fruits contain several nutrients that may improve heart health, whilst others contain nutrients that may help lower the risk of kidney stones and help to protect the brain against neurodegenerative diseases. These fruits also offer several compelling health benefits and form an essential component of a healthy balanced diet.
Cyprus offers an impressive varity of citrus fruits
Oranges: The reputation earned by Cyprus for its high-quality oranges reflects decades of experience with the crop. The main varieties grown on the island are Navel, Oval and Valencia Late. These oranges are widespread and are readily found in local markets and shops, contributing to their popularity on the island. The often sweet and juicy oranges, particularly the Valencia variety, are generally consumed fresh or processed for their juice. In addition to these there are also new hybrid oranges that are now available all over the island. Â
Grapefruits: Another important citrus fruit produced in Cyprus is the grapefruit. The island cultivates both pink and white grapefruit varieties. Both are valued for their refreshing taste and nutritional benefits. Grapefruits are mainly consumed as part of a wider breakfast on the island and are extensively used in several drinks and cocktails. Export of the Cyprus grapefruit is not as widespread as other Cypriot citrus fruits, but it is becoming increasingly popular in global markets.
Lemons and Limes: The Island is highly regarded for its high-quality lemons and more recently limes. Lemon cultivation is another significant aspect of Cyprus’s citrus fruit industry and Cyprus lemons are a main export, enhancing the island’s agricultural economy. Cyprus lemons and limes have also become essential for local cuisine and most drinks, as well as traditional dishes and local desserts use them extensively. Although their cultivation is less extensive than other citrus fruits, limes are increasingly gaining popularity on the island, primarily for culinary uses and cocktails.
Mandarins: Cyprus mainly grows the Mediterranean variety of mandarins that have proved popular due their easy-to-peel skin and sweet flavour. These fruits are not only enjoyed fresh but are also used in salads, desserts, and juices.
