LARNACA’S MAIN STRUCTURE OF DEFENCE
A RICH HISTORY
Larnaca Fort is a medieval fort and castle stronghold that has a rich history and is one of the oldest and most important historical landmarks in the region of Larnaca. The fort has played a crucial role in the defence and development of the city over the years and it is located on the coast where both the Finikoudes and Mackenzie promenades meet. The fort’s architecture and design reflect the various influences of the different powers that have occupied Cyprus over years gone by, creating a fascinating example of the island’s rich cultural heritage. In its lifetime, the fort has seen many transformations, constantly being enhanced and renovated by various rulers who have used it in a number of different ways. These have included a defensive castle, an artillery station, a military base, a storage facility for supplies and munitions, a governor’s residence and a prison with gallows.
A MEDIEVAL STRONGHOLD
Archaeological research conducted around the fort suggests that initial construction began on a small keep in the late 12th century. This acted as a staging post controlling access to the city’s harbour. The Byzantines extended the keep and added some fortifications, but the structure, as we know it today did not materialize until the late 14th century, when Cyprus’s Lusignan rulers acknowledged and exploited its strategic location on the coast. The crude Byzantine fortification was extended and new out buildings, a moat and drawbridge, and a solid defensive wall were added creating a proper castle. Limestone blocks were used for the construction, which consisted of a rectangular shape with an imposing tower at each corner. The new fort became a military base allowing the Lusignan rulers to effectively control and protect the city, as well as the harbour.
THE CANNONS OF LARNACA
Lusignan rule switched to Venetian rule nearly one hundred years later and in response to an ever-increasing threat from an expansionist Ottoman Empire, they introduced cannon to the fort. This made it impossible for hostile ships to land anywhere in the immediate vicinity and the fort with its new cannon would now afford protection to ships anchored near and in the natural harbour. As well as an artillery base, parts of the fort also acted as a storage facility for weapons and munitions, which the Venetians used to great effect as part of Cyprus’s defence against the Ottomans who began their invasion of the island in 1571. The well-defended fort put up a valiant struggle, but eventually fell to the Ottomans after a dramatic siege. The Ottomans went on to take the whole island and effectively ruled for just over 300 years. During this time, they made several modifications to the fort, which eventually became a military barracks for Ottoman foot soldiers. Part of the fort also became a place of worship when they also introduced a mosque with a minaret.
AN IMPOSING STRUCTURE
British Colonial rule began in the late 19th century and this led to yet another use for the imposing fort. The British administration converted it to a police headquarters and the fort’s Venetian storage facility was now used to store salt from the nearby salt lake, which was a major export product of the city at the time. The Ottoman barracks became cells for a prison and gallows were added to execute prisoners, the last of which took place in 1948. The fort played a crucial role in the defence of the city during World War 2 and it became a key strategic location for the British forces, which included the Cyprus Volunteer Regiment. The fort once again became a military base and it was heavily fortified and equipped with anti-aircraft guns. It was used to great effect to defend the city against air raids and served as an important look out post spotting enemy aircraft.
AN ADMIRED MUSEUM
After the declaration of Cypriot independence in 1960, the structure was turned into a museum housing artefacts and exhibits related to the medieval history of the fort and the City of Larnaca. The fort’s courtyard today also acts as an open-air theatre accommodating up to 200 people. The structure’s picturesque location near Larnaca’s bustling promenades has seen it become a popular tourist attraction, drawing visitors from all over the world. Visitors are encouraged to explore the fort’s ancient walls, towers, and dungeons and they have the opportunity to learn about its fascinating history through interactive exhibits and guided tours. They can also stand on the ramparts overlooking stunning views of the Mediterranean Sea, which has hardly changed since the forts construction all of those years ago.
A LEGACY
The Larnaca Fort is an admired historic landmark that has witnessed the changing tides of history over the last 700 or so years in this part of the world. The fort stands as a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of the Cypriot people and a reminder of the enduring legacy of Cyprus’s rich and diverse history. This remarkable historical landmark has stood the test of time and it has witnessed countless events that have shaped the history of not only the City of Larnaca, but also the whole island. Serving as a constant reminder of the island’s past and resilience in the face of foreign invasions and conflicts, he fort continues to attract tourists and history enthusiasts, who are eager to explore its ancient walls and learn about its fascinating history first hand. From its origins as a simple medieval keep, to its current role as a historical museum, the fort has played a crucial role in the development of the City of Larnaca. Its rich history and architectural significance make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Cypriot history and culture.
Museum hours of operation:
April 16th until September 15th
Weekdays 8.00am – 7.30pm
Weekends 9.30am – 5.00pm
September 16th until April 15th
Weekdays 8.00am – 5.00pm
Weekends 8.00am – 5.00pm
A minimal charge is applied for entry (Children are free)
Tel: 24 304 576
The intercity bus into Larnaca Local bus 425 to Larnaca Fort
